BIM - mokhoa o ke keng oa qojoa oa CAD
Ho latela maemo a rona a Geo-Engineering, the Lentsoe la BIM (Building Information Modeling), e lumellang lintho tse fapaneng tsa bophelo ba 'nete hore li etsisoe, eseng feela ka setšoantšo sa tsona se hlakileng empa le maemong a fapaneng a potoloho ea bophelo. Ho bolela hore tsela, borokho, sephahla, kanale, moaho, ho tloha kemolong ea eona e ka ba le faele ee khethollang, e nang le moralo oa eona, ts'ebetso ea eona ea kaho, tšusumetso tikolohong ea tlholeho, ts'ebetso, ts'ebeliso, tumellano, tokiso, liphetoho, boleng ba chelete ha nako e ntse e feta esita le ho e senya.
Ho sebelisa mokhoa oa litsebi tsa thuto ea bolumeli tse sebetsanang le bothata bona, tsela ea ho butsoa ea BIM e amahanngoa le ntšetso-pele ea lisebelisoa tse hlokahalang bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea eona, bokhoni ba lihlopha ho hapa le ho tsamaisa tlhaiso-leseling (e ncha le e teng), ts'ebetsong ea maemo a lefats'e, lisebelisoa tsa data le ho etsa mohlala oa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa tlholeho tse amanang le taolo ea mobu. Phephetso ho BIM ke hore e fihlela nako eo e kenyelletsang kamano ea mantlha le PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), moo indasteri ea tlhahiso le lits'ebeletso e batlang ho tsamaisa potoloho e ts'oanang, leha e na le boholo bo sa amaneng le sebopeho sa geospatial.
Ntlha ea convergence ea litsela tsena tse peli (BIM + PLM) ke taba ea metse e bohlale (Smart Cities), moo lik'hamphani ho fetisisa kgolo di ho lahla Ka hona ho se ho hlokahala e potlakileng ea metseng e meholo e kang irreversibility ho bohlale bo ke keng ba fela ba saense le thekenoloji bo sebelisetsoa ho etsa liqeto.
Ka tlaase mona, re na le lintlha tse ling tsa motheo le tsoelo-pele e amanang le BIM le kamano ea eona le lisebelisoa tsa theknoloji tse atileng.
Maemo a BIM
Bew le Richards ba hlalosa tsela ea ho nonafatsa ea BIM ka maemong a mane, ho kenyelletsa le Ntho ea boemo bo hlakileng, joalokaha ho bonngoe ka setšoantšong. Ho hlakisa, hore ena ke tsela ho tloha ka pono ea maemo, eseng boholo ba ho nkeloa pele lefatšeng ka bophara, eo ho nang le lintho tse ngata tseo u ka buang ka tsona.
BIM Level 0 (CAD).
Sena se tsamaellana le Design Design ea Computer, e bonoang ho tsoa ho li-optics tsa khale tseo re li boneng lilemong tsa bo-80. Bakeng sa linako tseo, lintho tse tlang pele bophelong ba bona e ne e le ho nka sets'oants'o sa tekheniki se neng se se se entsoe ka meralo, ho li beha ka likarolo tsa dijithale. Re hopola e le mehlala tsoalo ea AutoCAD le Microstation linakong tsena, hore ntle le ho khelosa mohato oa bona o moholo, ha baa ka ba etsa letho haese Metako; likeketso tsa bona li boletse joalo (Ho taka DWG, Design DGN). Mohlomong software e le 'ngoe feela e neng e se e ntse e bona ka n beyond'ane ho moo e ne e le ArchiCAD, eo ho tloha ka 1987 e buileng ka Virtual Building, ka lenyatso la ho tsoa Sehungary lilemong tsa ntoa e batang. Hape mohatong ona ho kenyelletsa taolo ea tlhaiso-leseling e sa sebetsanoeng le georefere ho tsoa lits'ebetsong tse ling tse amanang le tsamaiso ea projeke, mohlala, Bajete, Moralo, tsamaiso ea molao, jj
Boemo ba BIM 1 (2D, 3D).
Sena se etsahala lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, khōlong ea sebaka sa mosebetsi se seng se ntse se bitsoa 2D. Kaho sebakeng sa 3D le eona e qala, le hoja e le mekhahlelo ea khale, re ka hopola kamoo ho neng ho le boima kateng ho e etsa ka AutoCAD R13 le Microstation J. Ho ne ho e-na le pono ea likarolo tse tharo tsa mosebetsi, empa e ne e ntse e le li-vectors tse entsoeng ka li-arcs. , li-node, lifahleho le lihlopha tsa tsona. Tabeng ea AutoDesk, liphetolelo tse kang SoftDesk e kopantsoeng likhopolo tse kang libaka tse tsoang ho AutoCAD 2014, tseo meralo ea litsela le tlhahlobo ea sebaka li entsoeng, empa ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ne e le ka mor'a lebokose le letšo le nang le tharollo e kang EaglePoint e entseng ho feta "mebala-bala“. Microstation e se e kenyelelitse Triforma, Geopack le AutoPlant tlas'a mohopolo o tšoanang, o nang le lihokelo tsa sebaka sa engeneering-links ntle le tumellano ea tumellano.
lilemo tse leshome hona, ho sa tsotellehe hore ho na le e ne e esita le dikai le Sepheo ditekanyetos emoloa e hlokomela ha e le hantle a batla a qobelloa ikopanya le ditharollo paatsepama bakeng AEC e fumanweng ho tloha batho ba boraro, ho akarelletsa le Architecture, Construction, Geospatial Industry, Manufacturing le animatsioon.
AutoDesk ha ea ka ea bua ka BIM ho fihlela moreki a reka ka 2002, empa ho kopanya tharollo joaloka Civil3D ho nka nako e teletsana. Tabeng ea Bentley, ho kena ha morero oa XFM (Extensible Feature Modeling) ho Microstation 2004 ho bohlokoa ebile nakong ea phetoho e tsejoang e le XM, liforomo tsa batho ba boraro tse kang Heastad, RAM, STAAD, Optram, Speedikon, ProSteel, PlantWise, RM- LEAP Bridge le HevaComp. Ka 2008 Bentley e phatlalalitse Microstation V8i, moo XFM e holang ho mofuta oa I joalo ka tekanyetso ea tšebelisano.
Lekala la BIM 2 (BIMs, 4D, 5 D)
Ntho e thata ka ho fetisisa sethaleng sena sa BIM Level 2 e bile maemo; haholo hobane likhoebo tse ikemetseng li beha liqha ho tsona mme li batla ho qobella ba bang ho sebelisa litakatso tsa bona. Tabeng ea software bakeng sa tšimo ea geospatial, e bile software ea mahala e entseng matla a ho tiisa maemo ka tekanyo ea tumellano eo Open Geospatial Consortium OGC e e emelang hona joale. Empa lebaleng la CAD-BIM, ha ho so be le mohato oa OpenSource, hoo ho fihlela hajoale software e sa lefelloeng e nang le monyetla oa ho hola ke LibreCAD, e leng Level 1 feela -haeba eseng ho siea Level 0. Likhamphani tse ikemetseng li lokolotse mefuta ea mahala, empa maemo ho BIM a liehile, ka lentsoe la ba bang ka lebaka la borena ba imperialist.
Tlatsetso ea Borithane e bohlokoa, hore tloaelo ea bona ea ho etsa hoo e batlang e le ntho e ngoe le e ngoe ka tsela e fapaneng, e lebisitse ho Standard ea Borithane, joalo ka likhoutu tsa BS1192: 2007 le BS7000: 4; Tsena li tsofetse haholo ho tloha lifofaneng tsa pampiri ho ea ho BIM Level 1. BS8541: 2 e se e ntse e hlahella moetsoaneng oa dijithale mme lilemong tsena tse leshome BS1192: 2 le BS1192: 3.
Hoa utloahala hore na ke hobane'ng ha BentleySystems e tšoere Seboka sa selemo le selemo sa Infrastructure le moputso oa sona London, 2013, 2014, 2015 le 2016; hammoho le ho fumana lik'hamphani tse nang le lifofane tse phahameng tsa bareki ba Brithani -Ke bile ke iteta sefuba ho nahana ka tsamaiso ea ntlo-khōlō ea Europe ho tloha Holland ho ea Ireland-
Qetellong, kamehla mmeedi tsa OGC e ile a hatela pele ka melao-motheo ea 'maloa consensual amohelana ikemiseditse ho BIM, haholo-holo GML, le ntšetsa pele mehlala joaloka InfraGML, CityGML le UrbanGML.
Le ha boiteko bo bongata ba hajoale lilemong tsena tse leshome tsa BIM Level 2 bo leka ho fihlela taolo ea potoloho ea bophelo ea meetso, ha e so ka e nkuoa e le e felletseng kapa e lekantsoeng, hammoho le mekoloto e setseng e nang le 4D le 5D e kenyelletsang Lenaneo la Khakanyo ea Kaho le ea Matla. Mekhoa ea ho fetoha ha likarolo e bonahala ka ho kopanya / ho fumana lik'hamphani le ponong e akaretsang ea ho beha maemo.
Palo ea XMUMX ea BIM (Kopano, Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso ea Bophelo, 3D)
Boemo ba ho kopanngoa ho lebeletsoe ho BIM Level 3, e seng e fetile ka mor'a 2020 e kenyelletsa litebello tse ling tsa linaha tsa ho lumellana ho latela maemo: Common Data (IFC). Li-Dictionaries tse tloaelehileng (IDM) le Mekhoa e Tloaelehileng (IFD).
Ho lebeletsoe hore ho feto-fetoha ha Bophelo ba Bophelo bo tla lebisa ho Inthanete ea Lintho (Inthanete ea Lintho LIOT), moo e bopile e seng feela holim fatše, empa e boetse e le mechine le tsa dibopeho tsa motheo le hore ke karolo ea mehaho, lintho sebediswa bakeng sa ho tsamaisa thepa (e etsoang ka mechine) bakeng sa tshebediso ya e ruuoang, lirafshoa, haholo-holo ka potoloho ea bophelo bo sebetsang ho molao oa sechaba le oa botho oa ba nang le matlo, li-Gliders, baqapi le ba lichelete.
Tabeng ea Bentley Systems, ke hopola ke bona ho tloha ha linehelano tsa 2013 London, kopanyo ea lits'ebetso tse peli tsa Morero oa Tlhaloso ea Morero:
- PIM (Moqapi oa Boitsebiso ba morero) Breef - Mohopolo - Tlhaloso - Moqapi - Kaho / Komeshene - Tlhatiso / Ho koala
- AIM (Mohlala oa Boitsebiso ba Asset) Tshebetso - Sebelisa
Ke pono e khahlisang, ha ho nahanoa hore lintlha tsena li tsoa lilemong tse leshome tse tlang, empa kaha li tsoetse pele, li lumella maemo hore a bonahale. Leha e na le litharollo tse ngata tse emeng, mokhoa oa ts'ebeletso oa Khatiso ea CONNECT o theha maemo a Hub tikolohong e le 'ngoe eo Microstation e leng sesebelisoa sa mohlala, ProjectWise sesebelisoa sa taolo ea projeke le AssetWise sesebelisoa sa taolo ea ts'ebetso. , ka hona re koala linako tse peli tsa bohlokoa, Opex le Capex ea BS1192: 3.
Hape ho lebeletsoe hore sethaleng sena data e tla nkoa e le mekhoa ea ts'ebeliso ea motheo, e hloka hore mechine e fanoe, mokhoa o lokelang ho sebelisoa ka ho feletseng, 'me ho hlakile hore o tla fumaneha ka nako ea nako e telele ka kakaretso ea barupeluoa.
Metse e bohlale ke khothatso ea BIM
Phephetso ea BIM Level 3 ke hore lithupelo ha li sa kopana ka lifomate tsa faele empa ka litšebeletso tse tsoang ho BIM-Hubs. Boikoetliso bo khahlisang ba seo e tla ba Smart Cities, eo e seng e ntse e sebelisa linyeoe tse kang Copenhagen, Singapoore, Johannesburg e etsa liteko tse khahlisang tsa ho kopanya mmuso le e-g, haeba re itlohella hore re sebelise mantsoe ao. Empa hape ke phephetso e khahlisang, hore tikolohong eo ea BIM Level 3, mesebetsi eohle ea batho e etsisoa. Sena se bolela hore lintlha tse kang tsa lichelete, thuto, bophelo bo botle le tikoloho li kenyelelitsoe ka har'a potoloho e hokahaneng le taolo ea libaka. Ehlile, re ke ke ra bona boikoetliso bo sebetsang ba tsena lilemong tsena tse leshome, hoa belaetsa le haeba li hlile li etsahala nakong e mahareng, haeba re nahana hore litabatabelo ke ho netefatsa ntlafatso ea boleng ba bophelo ba baahi ba polanete ena -kapa bonyane ho tsoa metseng eo- le ho tsosolosoa ha tšenyo ea tikoloho ea lefatše lohle -e sa itšetleheng ka metse e mengata-.
Le hoja Smart Cities e sa le ka har'a sekhutlo, ho etsahala'ng ka lik'hamphani tse kholo tse laolang thekenoloji tse tummeng.
HEXAGON, ka ho fumana lik'hamphani tse kang Leica e ka laola ho ts'oaroa ha data tšimong, ka ho fumana Erdas + Intergraph ho ka laola mohlala oa sebaka, haufinyane tjena e ntse e etsa mokhoa o belaetsang le AutoDesk ho laola moralo, tlhahiso le tlhahiso. Re sa bue ka lik'hamphani tsohle tseo emporium eo e kenyelletsang, tseo kaofela li reretsoeng ntho e le 'ngoe.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Bentley e laola moralo, ts'ebetso le potoloho ea liindasteri tse ngata tsa Kaho, Boqapi ba Meaho, Liindasteri le Boenjiniere. Leha ho le joalo, Bentley ha e bonahale e khahloa ke ho utsoetsa ba bang sebaka, 'me rea bona hore na e etsa selekane joang le Trimble se rekileng hoo e ka bang bahlolisani bohle ba amanang le taolo ea masimo le meetso, SIEMENS e nang le taolo e phahameng indastering ea tlhahiso le Microsoft e ikemiselitseng ho leba lits'ebetsong tsa datae le hore u se ke ua tlosoa, hobane sebakeng sena sa pono ea mahlo u lahlehile ka Windows + Office ea hao-
Kae kapa kae moo re e bonang teng, lik'hamphani tse kholo li becha ho BIM ka bokhoni ba eona bo haufi ba lilepe tse tharo tse tla tsamaisa ts'ebetso ea Smart Cities: Mekhoa ea Tlhahiso, Phepelo ea Meralo ea Motheo le Ntlafatso ho litlhoko tse ncha tsa lihlahisoa / litšebeletso. Ke 'nete hore ho na le litonanahali tse setseng ho ikamahanya le li-bloc, joalo ka ESRI, IBM, Oracle, Amazon, Google, ho bolela tse' maloa tseo re tsebang hore li thahasella merero ea bona ea Smart Cities.
Ho hlakile hore khoebo e latelang ke Smart Cities, tlasa kopanyo ea BIM + PLM moo ho ke keng ha ba le Microsoft e amohelang 95% ea mmaraka. Ona ke mofuta o rarahaneng ho feta, hape ho bonahala hore lik'hamphani tse sa becheng khoebong eo li tla tlohelloa kantle ho etsa li-CAD, Excel sheet le li-system tsa CRM tse koetsoeng. Likhoebo tse lokelang ho kopanngoa ke tse seng kahare ho potoloho ea bophelo ba setso sa Boqapi, Boenjiniere, Kaho le Ts'ebetso (AECO); tse laolang mesebetsi e meng ea motho tlasa mokhoa oa maemo a moruo oa sechaba o kang oa tlhahiso, mmuso oa elektroniki, lits'ebeletso tsa sechaba, tlhahiso ea temo le ka holim'a taolo eohle ea matla le lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho.
GIS e tla kenyeletsoa ho BIM tlasa pono ea Smart Cities. Hajoale ba batla ba kopantsoe ho ts'oaroeng ha data le modelling, empa ho bonahala eka ba ntse ba na le maikutlo a fapaneng; Mohlala, mmotlolo oa meralo ea motheo ha se boikarabello ba GIS, empa e khethehile haholo tlhahlobisong le mefuteng ea lintho tsa sebaka, ka ho ipapisa le maemo, taolong ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho le mefuta eohle ea mahlale a lefats'e. Haeba re nahana ka karolo ea Botšelela (6D) hore linakong tsa litoropo tse bohlale, ho lekanya, ho sebelisa, ho etsa bocha le ho fehla motlakase ho tla ba bohlokoa, joale ho tla hlokahala bokhoni boo GIS e se etsang ka boiphihlelo bo boholo. Empa ho sekaseka matla a hlahisang metsi a beisine, ho tseba hore na ho hlokahala chai e kae bakeng sa mitha oa konkreite ea konkreite, ho na le lekhalo le leholo; e tla tlatsoa ho fihlela tšebetso e kenyelelitsoe e le potoloho e arolelanoeng ea likarolo tsena tse peli.
Qetellong.
Ho na le lintho tse ling tse ngata tseo re ka buang ka tsona, 'me ke labalabela ho tsoela pele ho hlahisa taba ena. Hajoale, litsebi tsa Geo-Engineering li setse le phephetso ea ho ikamahanya le lintho tse ke keng tsa khutlisoa le ho ithuta maemong a tekheniki, hobane ho ntse ho belaela hore na Roadmap ea ho kenya tšebetsong BIM e ka etsoa ntle le ho itšetleha ka Sehlopha sa Ts'ebetso se etelletseng pele. Ka holim'a tsohle, hobane BIM e tlameha ho bonoa ka lehlakore le le leng: E 'ngoe ke ea lintho tse lokelang ho etsoa maemong a tekheniki, a thuto, a ts'ebetso, ka sepheo sa ho ba le botsitso ebe ho latela pono ea mebuso, e nang le litebello tsa nako e khuts'oane haholo. , ba lebala hore matla a bona a taolo hangata a lieha haholo. Ntle le moo, bakeng sa ba leng metseng e meholo ba seng ba ntse ba ka nahana ka Smart Cities, ho potlakile hore ho shejoe baahi, ho fapana le theknoloji.
🙂 Haeba boemo bona bo ka phethahala, toro ea e mong oa baeletsi ba ka, ea nang le ts'epo ea ho lema lihekthere tse 3,000 tsa moru oa mahogany, ka potoloho ea bophelo e netefalitsoeng e amanang le kholo ea eona, e tla phethahala; kahoo nka ea bankeng selemo se le seng 'me ka etsa mokoloto oa sephutheloana sa pele ho lefella tse setseng butle-butle. Lilemong tse 20, u tla ba le li-cubic metres tsa thepa eo u ka rarollang ka eona eseng penshene ea hau feela, empa le mokoloto oa naha ea heno.
